鬃獅蜥出現皮膚病是讓人事情,出現皮膚病,難治,而且需要時間,是鬃獅蜥飼養者願意看到一種情況。
鬃獅蜥皮膚像人皮膚,有時候皮膚病會導致潰爛和皮膚破爛,有時候能看到裸露肉,看着確實不是滋味。而且皮膚病會影響蜕皮,治療。
我飼養經驗,來説,皮膚病和墊材和水盆有關。
像我搞鬃獅蜥繁殖,有時候助理沒有及時去,有時候會髒,但是呢,我這邊發現皮膚病案例非常少,只有出現過一隻鬃獅蜥有皮膚病,不算是皮膚病,身上有像黴菌黑點。
這個黑點產生原因它蜕皮蜕了沒有蜕掉,蜕掉時候,發現有黴菌(黑點)。
所以説,情況下,鬃獅蜥是得皮膚病。
1.墊材,像椰土,然後每天加水,那麼以往,它得皮膚病了。
2.放水盆,放水盆,它水盆打翻,打翻後,箱子裏濕濕,環境,它能順利得皮膚病。
3.。如果不是,得皮膚病,需要清了。
產生皮膚病核心水,,如果像我們南方天,實際上雖然空氣濕度,但是得皮膚病。
起因
過去文獻裏,我們CANV作為導致許多疾病傳染根本原因而不是其他真菌。真菌培養鑑定水平發展,我們能鑑別出是否CANV是爬蟲患病原因。CANV是數不多能完全符合柯赫氏法則病原體之一。(即真菌有臨牀症狀爬蟲身上獲取,然後實驗室中培養,植入到其它爬蟲體內,而另一隻爬蟲繼續顯示出臨牀症狀)(譯者注:於本人非獸醫專業,此翻譯專業,有興趣者可自行百度或谷歌搜索“柯赫氏法”)但最近報告表明,從生病爬蟲身上獲取到了其它種類Nannizziopsis(譯者注:nannizziopsis真菌界爪甲團囊菌科下一屬,來源:維基百科)
延伸閱讀…
處危險中物種
所有爬蟲處在感染風險之中,是暴露環境中,個體間擁擠或者。鬃獅蜥,綠鬣蜥,高冠變色龍,王者蜥以及中國水龍是CANV受害者。一份出版吻突蝣蛇疾病與死亡報告中提到水棲爬行動物有可能傳染CANV.
症狀預兆
CANV會表現塊黃色到棕色小硬皮附着一些鱗片表面之上並時間推移。其他黃色到棕色硬皮可能會身體上任何地方擴散。少數情況下,早期CANV患病一個標誌是一次規則蜕皮遺留下有着表面的鱗片。某些爬蟲中可能會導致一場蜕皮風暴到來。而這類爬蟲會蜕皮開始會變得。病情深入,這可能會導致爬蟲內部感染,而導致食慾降低,失重死亡。
如果你飼養箱內有一隻診CANV爬蟲患者,嚴密監視箱內其它個體是否有發病跡象
造成發病飼養條件以及其它因素
CANV伴壓力而來,見於擁擠而環境;某些羣居蜥蜴種類;一起運輸個體;或一起展示於出售個體。有人認為如此擁擠環境下,腳趾甲和微小咬傷傷口物種內傳染相關,因為皮膚損壞,進而真菌得以接種。環境衞生質量是一環境內個體數量成正比,反而言,處如此環境下個體有了可能性暴露給真菌。此外,擁擠導致使得免疫反應得到抑制,所以單一個體可能無法抗哪怕很低級別的真菌接種。CANV現在發現可以存在於看起來爬蟲身上,可以成為精心飼養下爬蟲一種病因。
獸醫可能推薦診斷性測試
皮膚磨消法推薦用來排除寄生蟲(如蟎蟲)和檢測是否為其它細菌性和真菌性感染。一份PCR診斷測試(譯者注:PolymeraseChainReaction聚合酶鏈反應)可以發給專業實驗室用來確認CANVDNA是否存在。獸醫會建議採血評估爬蟲狀況以及排除一些內疾病。皮膚活體組織檢查可幫助排除其它導致皮膚色素減退可能原因。
安全操作預防
隔離:如果你飼養箱內有一隻診CANV爬蟲患者,嚴密監視箱內其它個體是否有發病跡象。飼主應考慮同籠個體分開降低感染個體起來個體之間交叉感染風險。隔離另一個原因是減少個體間競爭狀態。有時,爬蟲間存在社會幹預(譯者注:我們遇到個體成長,個體拒食或狀態原因與此有關)會導致以及免疫力降低,進而感染。其餘這些暴露真菌環境影響下個體獸醫檢查皮膚疾病評估從而排除可能潛在CANV.
檢疫:任何新進帶有皮膚破損爬蟲或檢疫期內發展皮膚破損個體,直到CANV作為可能存在病因徹底消除後才可以放到飼養環境。
衞生:衞生能風降到。其他傳染病一樣,一隻投餵悉心照料下爬蟲會有能力抵禦疾病傳染(例如:温度階梯,燈光,濕度區間,躲避洞穴)。避免購買擁擠環境下飼養爬蟲,是同一籠內存在有皮膚破損個體。但不幸的是,CANV普遍存在於人工圈養下爬蟲,一些爬蟲會莫名其妙患病。
BY KEVIN WRIGHT, DVM, DABVP (RA)
Yellow fungus, Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii, CANV
延伸閱讀…
CANV is likely the underlying cause of many infections in older literature which attributed the disease to other fungi. Advances in fungal culture and identification helped distinguish CANV as a cause of disease in reptiles, one of the few pathogens that have fulfilled Koch’s postulates. (This means the fungus was recovered from a reptile showing clinical signs, was grown in a laboratory, was administered to another reptile, and that reptile went on to show the same clinical signs from which the fungus was recovered and demonstrated to be the same as the original isolate.) Recently there are reports of other species of Nannizziopsis being recovered from ill reptiles.
KEVIN WRIGHT
Bearded dragon with CANV.
All reptiles are at risk of infection, particularly when exposed to dirty conditions, crowding, and stress. Bearded dragons, green iguanas, veiled chameleons, Uromastyx, and green water dragons are commonly seen victims of CANV. Aquatic reptiles may also be affected as noted in one published report of illness and death of tentacled snakes from CANV.
CANV often shows up as a small yellow to brown crust on the surface of a few scales that in time gets larger. Other yellow to brown crusts may appear elsewhere on the body in a random fashion. Occasionally, an early sign of CANV is an irregular shed that leaves behind dull scaled with a roughened appearance. In some reptiles it may result in a shedding storm where the reptile becomes opaque almost as soon as it has shed. As the disease progresses, it may become an internal infection and lead to poor appetite, weight loss, and death.
KEVIN WRIGHT
If you have a CANV positive reptile, any cage mate needs to be watched closely for signs of disease.
CANV is associated with stress, often seen in reptiles kept under crowded unsanitary conditions. It’s often seen in those species of lizards which are raised in groups, shipped in groups, or displayed for sale in groups. It is also thought that toenails and minor bite wounds associated with intraspecific interactions under these crowded conditions results in damage to the skin and inoculation of the fungus. Sanitation may be compromised with high populations of lizards in the same cage which in turns increases the likelihood of a lizard being exposed to the fungus. Furthermore, crowding causes stress which results in suppressed immune response, so a lizard may not be able to fight even a low level inoculation of fungus. CANV has been recovered from seemingly healthy reptiles. It has also been a cause of illness in reptiles that were kept under good husbandry.
Isolate: If you have a CANV positive reptile, any cage mate needs to be watched closely for signs of disease. You should consider separating the cage mates to reduce the risk of cross-infection from the obviously ill one to the seemingly healthy one. Another reason to separate them is to reduce competition between them. Sometimes there are subtle social interactions that create stress and immunosuppression, and make cage mates more susceptible to infections. Other exposed reptiles should have thorough veterinary examinations and any skin lesions should be assessed to rule out CANV as the underlying cause.
KEVIN WRIGHT
Green iguana with CANV.
Quarantine: Any reptile that arrives with a skin lesion or that develops a skin lesion while in quarantine should not be released until CANV is eliminated as the likely cause.
Proper hygiene and sanitation: Proper sanitation and hygiene are key risk reducers. As with other infectious diseases, a reptile is better able to resist an infection if it is fed the proper diet and is given excellent husbandry (i.e., a thermal gradient, appropriate lighting, the right range of humidity, hiding spots). Avoid purchasing reptiles kept under crowded conditions, particularly where there are obvious skin lesions on other specimens sharing the same container. Unfortunately, CANV is commonly present in the environments of captive reptiles and some reptiles inexplicably break with the disease.